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DO-KHYI (Tibetan Mastiff)


The beautiful subject of the photos of the sig. Loaded Francisco

FCI-Standard N° 230  / 02. 04. 2004  / GB


ORIGIN :  Tibet.

PATRONAGE : FCI.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD :  24.03.2004.

UTILIZATION : A companion, watch and guard dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. :   Group   2      Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.
                                               Section 2.2   Molossoid breeds, Mountain type.
                                               Without working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The Tibetan Mastiff (Do Khyi) is an ancient working breed of the nomad herders of the Himalaya and a traditional guardian of the Tibetan monasteries.  It has been surrounded by great myth since its first discovery in antiquity.  From the mentioning by Aristoteles (384-322 b.C.) to the famous writings of Marco Polo, who went to Asia in 1271, all historical reports praise the natural strength and impressiveness of the Tibetan Mastiff- both physically and mentally.  Even its bark has been described as a unique and highly treasured feature of the breed.  Leading European cynologists of the past, like Martin and Youatt, Megnin, Beckmann, Siber as well as Strebel and Bylandt have intensively covered the Tibetan Mastiff, as they had been fascinated by its origin and function in the Tibetan culture.  Some even considered the breed to be the very forefather of all large mountain and mastiff breeds.  One of the first known Tibetan Mastiffs to reach Western shores was a male sent to Queen Victoria by Lord Hardinge (then Viceroy of India) in 1847.  Later in the 1880s, Edward VII (then Prince of Wales) took two dogs back to England.  An early recorded litter of Tibetan Mastiffs was born in 1898 in the Berlin Zoo.

 

GENERAL APPEARANCE : Powerful, heavy, well built, with good bone.  Impressive; of solemn and earnest appearance.  Combines majestic strength, robustness and endurance; fit to work in all climate conditions.  Slow to mature, only reaching its best at 2-3 years in females and at least 4 years in males.

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :

  • Skull measured from occiput to stop equal to muzzle from stop to end of nose but muzzle may be a little shorter.
  •  Body slightly longer than height at withers.

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BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Independent.  Protective.  Commands respect.  Most loyal to his family and territory.

HEAD  : Broad, heavy and strong.  In adults a wrinkle may extend from above the eyes down to the corner of mouth.

CRANIAL REGION : 
Skull : Large, very slightly rounded, with strongly pronounced occiput.
Stop :  Well defined.

FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Broad, as dark as possible depending on coat colour, well opened nostrils.
Muzzle :  Fairly broad, well filled and deep.  End of muzzle square. Lips : Well developed and covering the underjaw.                    
Jaws/Teeth :  Jaws strong with perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors and set square to the jaws.  Level bite acceptable.  Dentition fits tightly.
Eyes : Medium size, any shade of brown and in accordance with coat colour, the darker the better.  Set well apart, oval and slightly slanting. Eyelids tightly fitting the eyeball.  Expression of dignity.
Ears : Medium size, triangular, pendant, set between the level of the skull and the eye, dropping forward and hanging close to head; carried forward when alert.  Ear leathers covered with soft, short hair.

NECK : Strong, well muscled, arched.  Not too much dewlap.  Covered  by thick upstanding mane, not so pronounced in bitches.

BODY : Strong.
Back : Straight, muscular.
Croup : Broad and rather flat.
Chest : Rather deep, of moderate breadth, with good spring of rib, to give heart-shaped ribcage.  Brisket reaching to below elbows.
 
TAIL : Medium length.  Set high on line with top of back, carried high, loosely curled over back, when dog alert or in motion; well feathered.

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS : Straight, well angulated, well covered all over with strong hair.
Shoulders :  Well laid, muscular.
Elbows : Neither turned in nor out.
Forearms : Straight.  Strong bone.
Metacarpus (Pasterns) : Strong, slightly sloping.

HINDQUARTERS : Powerful, muscular, with good angulation.  Seen from GO BACK TO LIST, hindlegs parallel.
Upper thigh : Rather long; strong, with good hard muscles, but not bulging.
Stifle : Well bent
Hock : Strong, low set. 
Dewclaws optional.

FEET : Fairly large, strong, round and compact, with good feathering between well-arched toes. 
 
GAIT / MOVEMENT  : Powerful, but always light and elastic: with good reach and drive.  When speed increases tends to single track.  When walking appears very deliberate.  Capable of functioning over a varied terrain with stamina and suppleness.

 

COAT

HAIR : Quality of greater importance than quantity.  Coat harsh, thick, top coat not too long, with dense and rather wolly undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Males carry noticeably more coat than females. Hair fine but harsh, straight and off-standing.  Never silky, curly or wavy.  Neck and shoulders heavily coated, giving mane-like appearance.  Tail bushy and well feathered; hindlegs well feathered on upper rear parts.

COLOUR : Rich black, with or without tan marking; blue, with or without tan markings; gold, from rich fawn to deep red, sable.  All colours to be as pure as possible.  Tan ranges from a rich chestnut to a lighter colour. White star on breast permissible.  Minimal white markings on feet acceptable. Tan markings appear above eyes, on lower part of legs and underside of tail.  Tan markings on muzzle; spectacle markings tolerated around eyes.

SIZE  :
Height at the withers :   Dogs      :    66 cm (26 ins) minimum,.
                                    Bitches   :    61 cm (24 ins) minimum..             

FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

SEVERE FAULTS :

  • Lacking physical condition and fitness.
  • Head light or heavily wrinkled.
  • Pendulous flews.
  • Pronounced dewlap.
  • Large and/or low set ears.
  • Light eyes or staring expression.
  • Weak pigmentation, particularly of nose.
  • Barrelled ribs.
  • Tightly curled tail over hips.
  • Over angulated or straight hindquarters.
  • Heavy constrained movement.
  • Under minimum height, tolerance 2 cm.

ELIMINATING FAULTS :

  • Aggressive or overly shy.
  • Undershot or overshot mouth.
  • All other colours than above mentioned e.g. white, cream, grey, brown (liver), lilac, brindle, particolours.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

 

Automatic translate from inseparabile.com

THE HISTORY - Feature gives: Uli Gelbrich - Tibetanische Hunde

E' assessed that gi in the 7 century a.C. the Assyrians used this dog for the hunting and the combat. The satrapo of Babylon it would have exempted from great taxes four citt of the plain of the Euphrates in exchange of the obligation to maintain this large dumb one of Indian dogs.
To leave from the 7 century a.C. their territory of takeover comprised the Assyria, Babylon and the ancient Persia. The Greeks and the Roman did not raise them but they knew them: many reports described "like dogs from combat and guard of Serious (the Tibetani) of great force and ferocity to them". Aristotle, the master of Alexander Magno, in its witnesses of natural sciences describes the Mastiff Tibetano as Indian dog and supposed that these dogs were fruit of the crossing of one bitch and one tiger.
The ancient devout news comes from Chinese sources; in the 1121 a.C. the people of the Liu, resident to the West of China, made gift of a large tibetano dog Chinese emperor Wou-wang. In China these dogs came call Ngao to you and train to you to hunt also men.

The tibetana denomination "Do-Khyi", cio dog to tie, explains as this dog from mountain came employed guard and protection of stretches, of the takeovers and the crudes oil. The animals came legacies to the chain to the entrance, held in heavy cages in front of the held houses or in libert.
The arrival of strangers was announced with a latrato fort to great distance; the free dogs did not leave to approach disowned beyond 100-200 meters from the encampment. Of I do not shave of sbranavano night some imprudent and inopportune visitor. Only after that the inhabitants had removed the dogs, a stranger could approach itself. The imposing aspect came strengthened from a collar of hair of Yak dyed of red. They came also used like beasts of burden for percorribili, difficultly not accessible passages to the Yak or the asses.
All the visitors of Tibet emphasize aggressivit and the disposition to bite of these animals; in Europe cos created the image of one imposing beast of Tibet. Also the affirmation of Hedin, second which the to Lhasa and in others citt dogs ate the bodies of the made dead men to pieces, has strengthened this image (for the Buddhists normal and honorable to be it eats to you from animals after the dead women).
For how much it concerns the largeness and the expression of the snout, there still an image based on exaggerated descriptions and designs of XIX the century. Dahler cites accustoms it them practical of castration of the dogs shepherds before devout the sexual maturation and the high stature that achieves some. This would explain the existence of particularly large males which companions and guards of the crudes oil. A height of shoulders of 120 cm described in storys of not imaginable travel and i 90 cm even mentions to you from Silber could only be based on descriptions; in the mastiff male the maximum height of the garrese of approximately 85 cm. Us sminuisce the image of the Mastiff Tibetano but it does not remove the reputation of brutal dog.
Today the Mastiff Tibetano, after the continuous contact with the man, has developed its need of company; sopporta of living isolated and hermit. Pu to totally develop the emergency of s if it has the possibilit to watch a garden or one propriet; although an appearing indifference watches with affidabilit every minimum movement and protegge the territory from disowned persons that they do not succeed devout to go away unnoticed. In the comparisons of the strangers malfidente and hostile, forehead to sconsiderate actions pu to become dangerous. With the children reliable patient and.

HEALTH

The Tibetan Mastiff a peasant dog much but also adaptable one, pu living all its life outside in garden and little times you will see it to enter in the cuccia that you will have constructed with love and hard work to it, but adapted calmly also to the life from appartemnto and they do not give to meraviglarsi if adager of forehead to the ignited fireplace.
It is not become ill easy, much sturdy one, but as all the molossi suffer from other pathologies: to control with a x-ray the dysplasia of the hip even if the parents well of minimal ET advised 10 /12 months is free (, while that ufficale goes made after the 18 months of ET); entropion and the ectropion they are malformations of the eyelids that can be visible gi to little months of ET.
Problem instead typical of the Tibetan Mastiff, especially of subjects directly imports from the East not subordinates to you to selection, could be the Tiroide: they suffer is of Hypothyroidism that of Hyperthyroidism, to control therefore that the greater part of their relatives of is free, but above all parents and grandfathers; this not d a guarantee of absence of the problem to yours cucciolo poich not only ereditabile, but of it it reduces sure the risk

TOELETTATURA

The Tibetan Mastiff has a hair much similar one to that one of the Nordic dogs, and like theirs not rilascia bad odore; it does not have therefore need of frequent baths, but attention, washes it to you every qualvolta of it has need; beautiful to have in house a clean dog and you will be devout contents when you will caress it.
To wash a Tibetan Mastiff (and to dry it) much impegnativo, therefore advisable to leave to make it to a toelettatore professional whom user the devout products adapted and the asciugher the perfection. It would be better to face the first one bagnetto in young ET (also to 2 or 3 months) cos that it can be accustomed to such practice before catching up 50 chili of weight!
It would have to be cure of the owner to at least once brush just the dog to the week, and in period of dumb also every day so as to to eliminate all the dead hair; you do not scare yourselves if of blow you sembrer of having 20 chili of dog in less, it were alone hair and ricrescer before that lathes the "great cold".

 

CHARACTER

The standard says that the Tibetan "mistrustful and protecting" Mastiff. In order to understand the personalit of the race, necessary to watch its history and to appreciate like this used dog for centuries in Tibet. The modern life pu not to be absolutely to be compared with the life in Tibet, not even to the days ours.
In any case, the instinct pu to be cancelled with little generations and this fact does not have to be taken in consideration.
However, with an sensitive training and a comprehensive owner, the Tibetan Mastiff pu to become a wonderful companion of life, but the dedication of the owner to this absolutely necessary dog. E' a dog much adaptable one, but has need of the human guide in order to help it to comprise our style of life and to abandon that one of its ancestors; this however a problem in great part resolved in the case in which the cucciolo that to make part of your family European "progenie gi from devout generations came from one".
The Tibetan Mastiff a dog from guard, for which it has a innato instinct. In the regions of the Himalayas today still used for this job.
The instinct of guard of the high race, and must be held under control.
Many owners of Tibetan Mastiff have noticed how much their dogs love the children (also not pertaining to the family); this perch their ancestors came leave you in the houses to control mogli and children when the husbands were to many miles of distance to work lands. Today, in one domestic situation, the Tibetan Mastiff a extremely tolerant dog and patient, especially with the children. In any case, like in every race, the supermink of an essential adult. In house he to choose a calm angle where pu to control all us that it happens around to he. With its owner, the Tibetan Mastiff, forms a tie much fort and easy to consider the dog an other member of the family. In a familiar context this race has all the opportunit to develop its total personalit and to show its affection. This race has need of company and it does not have to be allowed to be bored. The instinct of the hunting not strongly in the Tibetan Mastiff, cos not amusing for he to run and to capture animals, but prefers to be to house with the persons, animals and things that it are familiar, all us that pu protect.
Obvious E' that in the mistaken hands the Tibetan Mastiff pu dangerous being is with the human beings that with other animals; therefore necessary, like in List of dog breeds of large ransom, that it has grown in correct way.

CURIOSITA'

The female of the Tibetan Mastiff usually has a single heat to the year and in autumn; the puppys therefore are ready to know their new families single in spring.
In a numerous group of this race generally the female to having the control; the males calmly cohabit between they without problems, however advisable to divide them in the period of the heats.
This race chip ax calmly the cohabitation with other animals, of whichever kind; but the case to make the presentations with the due caution.

STANDARD

GENERAL ASPECT:
Powerful, strong, very constructed, equipped of good skeleton.

Imposing, solemn but of kind appearance.

CHARACTERISTICS:
Good companion, dog from guard and defense, slow to mature only catch up the best of s to 2 - 3 years for the females and at least 4 years for the males.

TEMPERAMENT:
Mistrustful and protecting.



HEAD And SKULL:
Enough wide, strong and sturdy. Occipite massive skull with and stop strongly defined. The length of the skull from the occipite ones to stop the equivalent to that one of the snout from the stop to the estremit of the tartufo, but the nasal cane pu also to be hardly devout short.
Enough wide, beautiful observed full load and squared snout from every side. Large Tartufo, very pigmented and narici very opened. Labbra very developed moderately hanging.
Some corrugamento in the head, in mature ET, extends gives over the eyes end under the angle of the mouth.

EYES:
Many expressing to you, of medium dimension, some brown shading. Very it distances to you, ovals and leggermente inlinati.

ORECCHIE:
Of medium largeness, triangular, hanging, low, falling back in ahead and supported capacities to the head. Risen when in attention. Covered with soft and short hair.

SET OF TEETH:
Closing to scissor. Strongly jaw with perfect, regular set of teeth and completes. I recorded to you advanced they cover the inferiors to tightened contact and are places to you in square to the jaws. Accepted closing to tenaglia. Essential that the dentizione joins watertight in order to maintain the shape squared of the snout.

NECK:
, strongly muscoloso, arch. Not excessive Giogaia. Wrapped from one driven in criniera irsuta.

FRONT:
Very disposed, muscolose shoulders, with strong skeleton. Straight legs with strong pasterns and a po' oblique; very covered from driven in hair.

BODY:
Strongly, with straight and muscolosa back, nearly imperceptible rump. Rather deep thorax than moderated width, with ribs reasonably folded to giving to the thoracic case a shape to heart. The sterno it comes down under the elbows. The length of the leggermente advanced body to the height of the garrese.

POSTERIOR:
Powerful, muscolosi, with good very slanted angles-shot and grasselle, garretti solid and very reductions. Posterior, approvals give GO BACK TO LIST, parallels. The removal of the spurs (single or double) optional.

FEET:
Enough large, strong and compact. Feet from cat very supplies of hair between the fingers.

TAIL:
Of medium length, it does not exceed the garretto. Attacked high on the line of the back. Goffered on the back on one side. Very supplied of hair.

SAILING POINT And MOVEMENT:
Powerful, always light and elastic. In velocit it stretches to approach the limbs the median plan (single-track). When it walks appears slow and much cautious one.

HAIR:
In the remarkablly devout male present who in the female. The qualit of better importance of the quantit. Mainly enough along, folto, with driven in sottopelo in the cold season that dirada in the warm devout months. Hair fine but hard, straight and separated. Never light, curly or undulated. Driven in sottopelo, when present, the rather lanoso one. Neck and shoulders have abundant hair giving a criniera appearance. Tail folta, densely covered; thighs very covered in every they part.

COLORS:
Black intense, black focato, brown, several shadings of the gold, several shadings of gray, also gray with golden spots. The focatura goes from one devout shading clearly much intense one to a color. E' admitted the star white woman on the chest; picole parts are accepted white women in legs. The focature appear over the eyes, in the inner part of the limbs and to the estremit of the tail.


in the photos: a black one focato (black and tan)"Shang-Hai' s Yankee Doodle" and red gold "a Samantabhadra' s Namgyal Senge". By:Franzo-Belletti Photo


RANSOM:
Males minimal 66 cm, females 61 cm.

DEFECTS:
Whichever scostamento how much previously said must be considered like defect that sar penalized in function of its gravit. The males must apparently have two testicoli normal reductions from the scroto.

ORIGINS:
Mountains of the Himalayas of the east, Bhutan, Sikkim and Tibet.

we thank the sig. Loaded Francisco in order to have collaborated to the realization of this card with witnesses and photo of its beautifulst subjects